Add oil to a medium skillet. Heat until hot. Add garlic and jalapeno. Saute 1 minute. Remove from heat.
Bring broth to a boil. Add noodles. Cook 1 minute. Remove noodles with a slotted spoon or pasta server. Divide noodles evenly among 4 bowls.
Add sautéed garlic and jalapeños, bell pepper, mushrooms, carrot and shrimp to the boiling broth. Boil 2 minutes. Add lime juice, sesame oil, and pepper. Ladle shrimp, broth, and vegetables over noodles. Top with green onions, and cilantro.